Five models of blenders are available for the automated preparation of reference fuels for CFR octane and
cetane engines.

One set of blenders is based on the original ASTM methods specified procedure using volume (burettes) as
the basis for the blend. Recently, ASTM approved the use of weight (precision balance) as the basis of
preparing the blend.

The volumetric blenders use a laser meniscus detector driven along the burette length measuring the volume
with a precision of 0.02 mL. Three burettes, one each for iso-octane, heptane and toluene. The burettes are
automatically filled, either via pressure or gravity feed of the fuel components.

Windows XP based software controls all blending operations. The operator inputs the desired octane or
cetane number, the software performs all the needed calculations, and 400 mL of fuel is delivered. Blend
data is saved on the hard drive and a blend report is printed.

With each model with burettes, manual blends operation can be done if required, using the burettes and
filling/draining valves.

The gravimetric models operate in a similar fashion, but use a precision electronic balance to weight in the
blend components.

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